Spermatophytes (seed plants): Angiosperms (flowering plants): Eudicots: Core Eudicots: Rosids: Fabids: Rosales
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/24/22):
Rubus bifrons
FAMILY
Rosaceae
Go to FSUS key
Dig deeper at SERNEC, a consortium of southeastern herbaria.
Check out EDDMapS.org to see where this has been reported.
Read more about European Blackberry at Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
SYNONYMOUS WITH
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Rubus bifrons
FAMILY
Rosaceae
INCLUDING Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Rubus armeniacus
INCLUDING Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Rubus bifrons
SYNONYMOUS WITH Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 9 (2014)
Rubus bifrons
SYNONYMOUS WITH VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 097-05-005:
Rubus bifrons FAMILY Rosaceae
INCLUDING Gray's Manual of Botany (Fernald, 1950)
Rubus procerus
INCLUDING Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Rubus linkianus
COMMON NAME:
European Blackberry, Himalayan Blackberry, Himalaya-berry
To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails.
)
JK Marlow jkm110505_225
May Greenville County SC
Parking lot
Petals pale pink to red, per Weakley's Flora.
)
JK Marlow jkm110505_229
May Greenville County SC
Parking lot
Branches and pedicels of floricanes armed w strong flattened prickles, per Weakley's Flora.
)
JK Marlow jkm110505_236
May Greenville County SC
Parking lot
Canes very coarse, scrambling, often 2-3m long, heavily armed, per Weakley's Flora.
)
JK Marlow jkm110505_237
May Greenville County SC
Parking lot
)
JK Marlow jkm110509_306
May Greenville County SC
Roadside
)
JK Marlow jkm110509_309
May Greenville County SC
Roadside
)
JK Marlow jkm110509_312
May Greenville County SC
Roadside
Lateral leaflets smaller than terminal leaflet & on shorter petiolules, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
)
JK Marlow jkm110509_314
May Greenville County SC
Roadside
)
JK Marlow jkm110521_578
May Greenville County SC
Roadside
Inflorescence cymose-paniculate, per Weakley's Flora.
)
JK Marlow jkm110521_583
May Greenville County SC
Roadside
)
JK Marlow jkm140521_057
May Greenville County SC
Swamp Rabbit Trail
)
JK Marlow jkm140521_087
May Greenville County SC
Swamp Rabbit Trail
)
JK Marlow jkm180515_2274
May Spartanburg County SC
Roadside
)
JK Marlow jkm100607_010
June Greenville County SC
Swamp Rabbit Trail
Prickles nearly straight, stems glabrescent, leaves grayish-tomentose beneath, per Weakley's Flora.
)
JK Marlow jkm120609_841b
June Greenville County SC
Sepals elliptic-lanceolate, 6-8mm long, acute to aristate, tomentose, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
)
JK Marlow jkm140624_277
June Greenville County SC
Swamp Rabbit Trail
Aggregate of drupelets to 2cm long, 1.5cm broad, juicy, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
)
JK Marlow jkm140624_278
June Greenville County SC
Swamp Rabbit Trail
)
Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_r_bifrons_himalay
June
)
JK Marlow jkm131228_514
December Greenville County SC
Swamp Rabbit Trail
)
JK Marlow jkm131228_515
December Greenville County SC
Swamp Rabbit Trail
)
JK Marlow jkm131228_521
December Greenville County SC
Swamp Rabbit Trail
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/24/22):
Rubus bifrons
FAMILY
Rosaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Rubus bifrons
FAMILY
Rosaceae
INCLUDING
Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Rubus armeniacus
INCLUDING
Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Rubus bifrons
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 9
Rubus bifrons
SYNONYMOUS WITH
VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 097-05-005:
Rubus bifrons
FAMILY
Rosaceae
INCLUDING
Gray's Manual of Botany (Fernald, 1950)
Rubus procerus
INCLUDING
Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Rubus linkianus
2599
Shrub
Perennial
Habitat: Disturbed areas, roadsides, thickets, old fields, per Weakley's Flora
Non-native: Europe
Uncommon (rare in Coastal Plain) (rare in GA) (rare in NC Mountains)
CLICK HERE to see a map, notes, and images from Weakley's Flora of the Southeastern US.
This plant may be causing problems in natural areas outside its native range, according to authorities such as:
IS THE PLANT "ARMED"?
Stems armed, coarse, scrambling, to 3m long; prickles strong wide-based straight
LEAVES:
Compound: floricanes 3 leaflets/ primocanes 5 leaflets
Alternate
FLOWER:
Spring/Summer
Pale pink to red
Radially symmetrical
5 sepals
5 petals
Numerous stamens
Bisexual
Inflorescence cymose-paniculate
FRUIT:
Summer
Black
Aggregate of drupelets
TO LEARN MORE about this plant, look it up in a good book!
- Native Shrubs and Woody Vines of the Southeast (Foote & Jones, 1989) p067
- Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004) p310
If a search such as "Carex leptalea var. leptalea" doesn't deliver the results you want, try "Carex leptalea".
Or, to minimize chances of a misspelling, try just "Carex le".
Less is more: If "pencil flower" doesn't deliver the results you want, try "pencil".