OF THE CAROLINAS & GEORGIA

Spermatophytes (seed plants): Gymnosperms (non-flowering plants): Conifers: Pinales

WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/14/23):
Tsuga caroliniana   FAMILY Pinaceae   Go to FSUS key



SYNONYMOUS WITH PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Tsuga caroliniana   FAMILY Pinaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)

Tsuga caroliniana

SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America (Kartesz, 1999)

Tsuga caroliniana

SYNONYMOUS WITH Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 2 (1993)

Tsuga caroliniana

SYNONYMOUS WITH VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 016-03-002:

Tsuga caroliniana   FAMILY Pinaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)

Tsuga caroliniana

 

COMMON NAME:
Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock


         To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails.

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

Manual of the Trees of North America (Exclusive of Mexico) (Sargent, 1905)    mtna_i_076

        

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

Richard and Teresa Ware    rtw_t_caroliniana_1

March    Rabun County    GA

Tallulah Gorge

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

Richard and Teresa Ware    rtw_t_caroliniana_12

March    Rabun County    GA

Tallulah Gorge

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

Richard and Teresa Ware    rtw_t_caroliniana_6

March    Rabun County    GA

Tallulah Gorge

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

Richard and Teresa Ware    rtw_tsuga_caroliniana_1

March        

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

JK Marlow    jkm0404l_09

April    Rutherford County    NC

Chimney Rock Park

Usually in drier rockier sites than T. canadensis, but sometimes mixed, per Weakley's Flora.

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

JK Marlow    jkm0305zc_10

May    Buncombe County    NC

Botanical Gardens at Asheville

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

JK Marlow    jkm0506c_11

June    Rutherford County    NC

Chimney Rock Park

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

JK Marlow    jkm0407b_23

July    Rutherford County    NC

Chimney Rock Park

Needles flat, extending in all directions rather than in one plane, per Woody Plants of the Blue Ridge (Lance).


click here to see other plants that look similar to this COMPARE needles of Fir, Hemlock and Spruce

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

JK Marlow    jkm140816_698

August    Jackson County    NC

High Hampton Inn

Seed cone of T. canadensis on left, that of T. caroliniana on right.

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

JK Marlow    jkm0509h_33b

September    Rutherford County    NC

Chimney Rock Park

Cones reddish-brown, pendant, to 1-3/8" long, opening widely when mature, per Woody Plants of the Blue Ridge (Lance).


click here to see other plants that look similar to this COMPARE cones of Fir, Hemlock and Spruce

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

Ron Lance    rwl1562_a

September        

Primarily in open forests on ridge tops, rocky bluffs, or gorge walls, per Weakley's Flora.


click here to see other plants that look similar to this COMPARE conifers (not including Pines)

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

Ron Lance    rwl1562_b

September        

Cones are 1-1.5" long, larger than those of T. canadensis (0.5-0.75" long), per Native Trees of the Southeast, An Identification Guide (Kirkman, Brown, & Leopold, 2007).

image of Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock, Crag Hemlock

L.L. (Chick) Gaddy    llg_hemlocks

Month Unknown        

Left: leaves (needles) of Carolina hemlock. Right: Canada or eastern hemlock, per Alpine South: Plants and Plant Communities of the High Elevations of the Southern Appalachians (Gaddy, 2014).

 

 

WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/14/23):
Tsuga caroliniana   FAMILY Pinaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Tsuga caroliniana   FAMILY Pinaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Tsuga caroliniana

SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America (Kartesz, 1999)
Tsuga caroliniana

SYNONYMOUS WITH Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 2
Tsuga caroliniana

SYNONYMOUS WITH VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 016-03-002:
Tsuga caroliniana   FAMILY Pinaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Tsuga caroliniana

 

Find by SCIENTIFIC NAME:

1562

Tree
Perennial
Monoecious

Habitat: Primarily in open forests on ridge tops, rocky bluffs, or gorge walls, generally in drier and rockier sites than T. canadensis, but the two sometimes growing in close proximity or even intermixed in humid gorges; very limited in the western Piedmont, apparently reaching its eastern limit in NC at Hanging Rock State Park, Stokes County, and ranging east to Halifax County in the Piedmont of VA, per Weakley's Flora

Native to the Carolinas & Georgia

Uncommon in NC Mountains (rare elsewhere in GA-NC-SC)

map
CLICK HERE to see a map, notes, and images from Weakley's Flora of the Southeastern US.

Click here to see a map showing all occurrences known to SERNEC, a consortium of southeastern herbaria. (Zoom in to see more detail.)

LEAVES:
Evergreen
Needles flattened, flexible, to 3/4" long
Needles not in bundles, arranged on all sides of twig

"FLOWER":
Spring
Unisexual

FRUIT:
Summer/Fall
Cone

 

TO LEARN MORE about this plant, look it up in a good book!



 


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