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Carolina Fimbry,
Fimbristylis caroliniana
Inflorescence terminal, cymose, with sessile and pedicellate spikelets, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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ditch fimbry,
Fimbristylis schoenoides
Spikelets pale, usually solitary on scape (thus resembling Eleocharis), per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Deerhair Bulrush,
Trichophorum cespitosum
Spikelet solitary, involucral bract absent, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Keeled Bulrush,
Isolepis carinata
Inflorescence of 1-3 ovoid, sessile spikelets, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Softstem Bulrush,
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
Each branchlet ends in one spikelet or a dense cluster of 2-5 spikelets, per www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
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Softstem Bulrush,
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
Each spikelet is a compact head of florets and their overlapping scales, per www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
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Saltmarsh Bulrush,
Bolboschoenus robustus
Inflorescence relatively congested, most w 5-20 spikelets; bristles ~ caducous, per Weakley's Flora.
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Woodland Bulrush,
Scirpus expansus
Resembles S. cyperinus, but lacks the rusty color of the spikelets, per Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
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Georgia Bulrush,
Scirpus georgianus
Spikelets in umbellate clusters or heads. Nutlets whitish; bristles us. absent, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Leafy Bulrush,
Scirpus polyphyllus
Spikelets ovoid, 3-4mm long, 2-3mm broad, sessile, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Leafy Bulrush,
Scirpus polyphyllus
Inflorescence branched. Spikelets in umbellate clusters or heads, sessile, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Woolgrass Bulrush,
Scirpus cyperinus
Spikelets in large terminal arching clusters, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Woolgrass Bulrush,
Scirpus cyperinus
Spikelets ovoid, 3-5mm long, about 3mm wide at base. Scales reddish-brown, per Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States (Godfrey & Wooten, 1979 & 1981).
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Southern Umbrella-sedge,
Fuirena scirpoidea
Spikelets ovoid to lance-ovoid, apex blunt, per Flora of North America.
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Tracy's Beaksedge,
Rhynchospora tracyi
Spikelets in 1-2 globose clusters, per Guide to the Wildflowers of SC, 1st ed. (Porcher & Rayner, 2001).
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Clustered Beaksedge,
Rhynchospora glomerata
Spikelet clusters compact; bracteal leaves mostly exceeding subtended groups, per Flora of North America.
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Clustered Beaksedge,
Rhynchospora glomerata
Spikelets crowded, deep red brown, lance ellipsoid, per Flora of North America.
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Sawgrass,
Cladium jamaicense
Panicle branches bearing several fascicles of spikelets, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Sawgrass,
Cladium jamaicense
Spikelets each w one fertile floret, below it 2-3 spirally imbricate scales, per Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States (Godfrey & Wooten, 1979 & 1981).
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Rosy Sedge,
Carex rosea
Perigynia not over 4.0mm long, (6)7-14(20) per spike, per Weakley's Flora (2012).
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Oval-leaf Sedge,
Carex cephalophora
Terminal dense spikes w female flowers protruding outward in all directions, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Prickly Bog Sedge,
Carex atlantica
Leaf blades 1.5-3mm wide. Spikes more than 1 per culm, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Prickly Bog Sedge,
Carex atlantica
Spikes mostly uniform, sessile. Perigynia broadly ovoid, spreading, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Blunt Broom Sedge,
Carex tribuloides
Inflorescences straight and stiff, the lower spikes overlapping, per Weakley's Flora (2012).
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Blunt Broom Sedge,
Carex tribuloides
Spikes 6-15, overlapping or distinct, ovoid-oblong to globose, per Flora of North America.
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Long's Sedge,
Carex longii
Inflorescences erect, 1-4.5cm long; spikes slightly separated to congested, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Slender Sedge,
Carex tenera
Inflorescences often flexible and nodding, open, w elongate spikes; rachis usually thin and wiry, per Flora of North America.
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Slender Sedge,
Carex tenera
Spikes distant or loosely aggregated, ovoid to globose, base tapered or clavate, apex rounded, per Flora of North America.
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Pennsylvania Sedge,
Carex pensylvanica
At stem tip, a single staminate spike 0.5-1" long; below this 1-3 pistillate spikes, per www.minnesotawildflowers.info.
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Pennsylvania Sedge,
Carex pensylvanica
Spikes stalkless or nearly so, dark purplish brown at flowering time [here w developing fruit], per www.minnesotawildflowers.info.
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Appalachian Woodland Sedge,
Carex austrolucorum
Inflorescences with both staminate and pistillate spikes, per Flora of North America.
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Wood's Sedge,
Carex woodii
Terminal spike staminate, 12-25mm long, about 2mm broad, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Seersucker Sedge,
Carex plantaginea
Flowering stem usually leafless w a terminal male spike, 3-4 female spikes, per Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005).
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South Carolina Sedge,
Carex austrocaroliniana
Peduncle of lateral pistillate spikes slender, drooping, 8-11cm, per Flora of North America.
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Spreading Sedge,
Carex laxiculmis
Longest staminate spike (10)12-25mm, per Flora of North America.
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Thicket Sedge,
Carex abscondita
Peduncles of proximal spikes usually erect, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Cumberland Sedge,
Carex cumberlandensis
Peduncles of proximal spikes usually drooping or nodding, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Lined Sedge,
Carex striatula
Terminal spike staminate, lateral spikes pistillate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Bent Sedge,
Carex styloflexa
Spikes scattered and densely flowered; perigynium beaks curved, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Bent Sedge,
Carex styloflexa
The lowest spike exserted on a long, arching, peduncle, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Bent Sedge,
Carex styloflexa
Staminate spike prominent and exceeding the uppermost bract, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Broad Loose-flowered Sedge,
Carex laxiflora
Spikes scattered, loosely flowered; staminate spike prominently exserted, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Radford's Sedge,
Carex radfordii
Perigynia 3-10 per spike, loosely overlapping, ascending, obovate; beak slightly recurved, per Flora of North America.
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Blue Ridge Purple Sedge,
Carex manhartii
The leaflike bract of terminal female spike exceeds male spike (vs. shorter in C. purpurifera), per Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
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Meadow Sedge,
Carex flaccosperma
Peduncles of terminal spikes barely to much exceeding lateral spikes, per Flora of North America.
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Meadow Sedge,
Carex flaccosperma
Lateral spikes pistillate, with 12-39 perigynia, per Flora of North America.
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Necklace Sedge,
Carex prasina
Staminate spike 3-4cm long; 2-3 pistillate spikes, 3-4.5cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Necklace Sedge,
Carex prasina
Pistillate spikes linear, elongate, drooping, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Wretched Sedge,
Carex misera
Spikes reddish-brown; male solitary & terminal, 2-3 female below the male, per Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Georgia (Chafin, 2007).
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Cherokee Sedge,
Carex cherokeensis
Staminate spikes 0-5; androgynous spikes 3-5, peduncles absent or to 12cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Ribbed Sedge,
Carex virescens
Differs from C. caroliniana, C. complanata, and C. swanii in its narrower, very long spikes, per Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
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Swan's Sedge,
Carex swanii
Terminal spike with over 30% of the flowers pistillate. Perigynia densely pubescent, per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Swan's Sedge,
Carex swanii
Terminal spike gynecandrous [pistillate flwrs above staminate of same spike], per Weakley's Flora (2018).
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Warty Sedge,
Carex verrucosa
Terminal spike staminate, lateral spikes pistillate or androgynous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Blue Sedge,
Carex glaucescens
Stem terminated by a straw-colored male spike and 3-5 female spikes below, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Blue Sedge,
Carex glaucescens
Male spike terminal, upright, 3-5.5cm long, green turning brown, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Tussock Sedge,
Carex stricta
[all] spikes erect [none pendant], per Flora of North America.
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Long-fringed Sedge,
Carex crinita var. crinita
Pistillate spike of C. mitchelliana (L) and C. crinita (R).
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Long-fringed Sedge,
Carex crinita var. crinita
Staminate spikes of C. mitchelliana (L) and C. crinita (R) are subtly different. — Eric Ungberg
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Mountain Fringed Sedge,
Carex gynandra
Spikes pendant: 2-5 pistillate, 1-3 staminate, per Flora of North America.