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Common Cattail,
Typha latifolia
Fuzzy, brown cylindric spikes (cattails) persist into winter, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Narrowleaf Cattail,
Typha angustifolia
Its male and female flower spikes are separated by naked stem, per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
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Common Snailseed Pondweed,
Potamogeton diversifolius
Fruiting spikes cylindric, 3-20mm long, 3-6mm broad; peduncles to 7cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Little Barley,
Hordeum pusillum
Spikes 2-8cm long, 5-7mm broad, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Goosegrass,
Eleusine indica
Spikelets in 2 rows on one side of spikes, lemmas and glumes awnless, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Bermuda Grass,
Cynodon dactylon
Several slender spikes digitate at the summit of the upright culms, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Dune Fingergrass,
Eustachys petraea
3-6 spikes arise at about the same point at stem end. Stems often decumbent, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Eastern Skeletongrass,
Gymnopogon ambiguus
Long slender divergent or reflexed spikes set close on a slender stiff axis, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Eastern Skeletongrass,
Gymnopogon ambiguus
Spikes 10-20cm long, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Common Little Bluestem,
Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium
Flower spikes are solitary from long stalks at intervals along the stem, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Common Little Bluestem,
Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium
Schizachyrium's spikes not split into two racemes, like those of Andropogon, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Annual Greenhead Sedge,
Cyperus hortensis
Spikes 1-3, greenish, cylindric to subglobose, sessile, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Whitehead Sedge,
Cyperus sesquiflorus
1-3(4) ovoid to ellipsoid whitish spikes subtended by (2)3-4 horizontal bracts, per Flora of North America.
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Crested Greenhead Sedge,
Cyperus metzii
Inflorescences of former Kyliinga spp. are unbranched (the spikes sessile), per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Granite Flatsedge,
Cyperus granitophilus
Spikes congested, subglobose. Bracts 2-5, 1-8cm long, 1-2mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Fragrant Flatsedge,
Cyperus odoratus var. odoratus
Bracts numerous, 3-7mm wide. Spikes numerous, congested, loosely cylindric, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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jointed flatsedge,
Cyperus articulatus
Spikes usually numerous, congested, appearing as irregular clusters, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Redroot Flatsedge,
Cyperus erythrorhizos
Spikes numerous, congested, cylindrical. Central sessile, lateral rays unequal, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Rice-field Flatsedge,
Cyperus iria
Spikes numerous in irregularly ascending, umbellate clusters, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Poorland Flatsedge,
Cyperus compressus
Spikes 1-6, in subglobose clusters. Peduncles to 10cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Green Flatsedge,
Cyperus virens
Spikes numerous in congested umbellate clusters. Spikelets digitate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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False Nutsedge,
Cyperus strigosus var. strigosus
Spikes 5-10 or more, congested or open, narrowly to broadly cylindric, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Many-flowered Flatsedge,
Cyperus lancastriensis
Leaves and inf. bracts mostly >10mm wide. Spikes dense; spikelets subterete, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Starburst Flatsedge,
Cyperus plukenetii
Spikes strongly obovate, composed of many sharp, backward-oriented scales, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Pineland Flatsedge,
Cyperus retrorsus
Spikes cylindric or subcylindric, less than 1cm broad, less than 3x as long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Baldwin's Flatsedge,
Cyperus croceus
Spikes subglobose, dense, 5-20mm broad, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Southeastern Flatsedge,
Cyperus filiculmis
Spikes subglobose, 5-30mm broad, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Horsetail Spikerush,
Eleocharis equisetoides
Spikes many-flowered, not wider than stem; stem knotted or jointed, per Field Guide to the Grasses, Sedges & Rushes of the US (Knobel, 1899) (Faust, 1977).
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Canada spikesedge,
Eleocharis geniculata
Spikes ovoid to subglobose; achene body 0.7-1.0 mm long, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Oval-leaf Sedge,
Carex cephalophora
Terminal dense spikes w female flowers protruding outward in all directions, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Prickly Bog Sedge,
Carex atlantica
Leaf blades 1.5-3mm wide. Spikes more than 1 per culm, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Prickly Bog Sedge,
Carex atlantica
Spikes mostly uniform, sessile. Perigynia broadly ovoid, spreading, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Blunt Broom Sedge,
Carex tribuloides
Inflorescences straight and stiff, the lower spikes overlapping, per Weakley's Flora (2012).
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Blunt Broom Sedge,
Carex tribuloides
Spikes 6-15, overlapping or distinct, ovoid-oblong to globose, per Flora of North America.
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Long's Sedge,
Carex longii
Inflorescences erect, 1-4.5cm long; spikes slightly separated to congested, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Slender Sedge,
Carex tenera
Inflorescences often flexible and nodding, open, w elongate spikes; rachis usually thin and wiry, per Flora of North America.
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Slender Sedge,
Carex tenera
Spikes distant or loosely aggregated, ovoid to globose, base tapered or clavate, apex rounded, per Flora of North America.
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Pennsylvania Sedge,
Carex pensylvanica
At stem tip, a single staminate spike 0.5-1" long; below this 1-3 pistillate spikes, per www.minnesotawildflowers.info.
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Pennsylvania Sedge,
Carex pensylvanica
Spikes stalkless or nearly so, dark purplish brown at flowering time [here w developing fruit], per www.minnesotawildflowers.info.
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Appalachian Woodland Sedge,
Carex austrolucorum
Inflorescences with both staminate and pistillate spikes, per Flora of North America.
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Seersucker Sedge,
Carex plantaginea
Flowering stem usually leafless w a terminal male spike, 3-4 female spikes, per Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005).
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South Carolina Sedge,
Carex austrocaroliniana
Peduncle of lateral pistillate spikes slender, drooping, 8-11cm, per Flora of North America.
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Thicket Sedge,
Carex abscondita
Peduncles of proximal spikes usually erect, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Cumberland Sedge,
Carex cumberlandensis
Peduncles of proximal spikes usually drooping or nodding, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Lined Sedge,
Carex striatula
Terminal spike staminate, lateral spikes pistillate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Bent Sedge,
Carex styloflexa
Spikes scattered and densely flowered; perigynium beaks curved, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Broad Loose-flowered Sedge,
Carex laxiflora
Spikes scattered, loosely flowered; staminate spike prominently exserted, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Meadow Sedge,
Carex flaccosperma
Peduncles of terminal spikes barely to much exceeding lateral spikes, per Flora of North America.
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Meadow Sedge,
Carex flaccosperma
Lateral spikes pistillate, with 12-39 perigynia, per Flora of North America.
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Necklace Sedge,
Carex prasina
Staminate spike 3-4cm long; 2-3 pistillate spikes, 3-4.5cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Necklace Sedge,
Carex prasina
Pistillate spikes linear, elongate, drooping, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Wretched Sedge,
Carex misera
Spikes reddish-brown; male solitary & terminal, 2-3 female below the male, per Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Georgia (Chafin, 2007).
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Cherokee Sedge,
Carex cherokeensis
Staminate spikes 0-5; androgynous spikes 3-5, peduncles absent or to 12cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Ribbed Sedge,
Carex virescens
Differs from C. caroliniana, C. complanata, and C. swanii in its narrower, very long spikes, per Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
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Warty Sedge,
Carex verrucosa
Terminal spike staminate, lateral spikes pistillate or androgynous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Blue Sedge,
Carex glaucescens
Stem terminated by a straw-colored male spike and 3-5 female spikes below, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Tussock Sedge,
Carex stricta
[all] spikes erect [none pendant], per Flora of North America.
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Long-fringed Sedge,
Carex crinita var. crinita
Staminate spikes of C. mitchelliana (L) and C. crinita (R) are subtly different. — Eric Ungberg
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Mountain Fringed Sedge,
Carex gynandra
Spikes pendant: 2-5 pistillate, 1-3 staminate, per Flora of North America.
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Mitchell's Sedge,
Carex mitchelliana
Staminate spikes of C. mitchelliana (L) and C. crinita (R) are subtly different. — Eric Ungberg