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Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Vernal culms in large clumps, robust, tall (up to 1.5m), per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
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Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Vernal culms in large dense clumps, 70-150cm tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Autumnal culms erect or leaning, the branches leafy, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Bosc's Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium boscii
Culms 40-70cm tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Bosc's Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium boscii
Var. molle difers in its velvety blades and downy-villous culms and sheaths, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Carolina Jointgrass,
Mnesithea cylindrica
Culms round in cross-section, per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Bent-awn Plumegrass,
Erianthus contortus
Culms 1-2m tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Sugarcane Plumegrass,
Erianthus giganteus
Culms to 4m tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Florida Bluestem,
Andropogon floridanus
Culms often stout, 1-1.8m tall, upper 1/3-1/2 bearing long slender branches, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Yellow Indiangrass,
Sorghastrum nutans
Culms 1-2.5m tall from short, scaly rhizomes, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Elliot's Indiangrass,
Sorghastrum elliottii
Culms more slender than S. nutans, without rhizomes, blades narrower, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Many-flowered Flatsedge,
Cyperus lancastriensis
Short rhizomes scarcely visible between culm bases. Culms basally cormlike, per Flora of North America.
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Squarestem Spikerush,
Eleocharis quadrangulata
Culm appears unjointed, sharply 3-4-angled when fresh [bonus: Calico Pennant!], per Weakley's Flora.
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Canada spikesedge,
Eleocharis geniculata
Culms producing at least some fertile spikelets, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Canada spikesedge,
Eleocharis geniculata
Spike abruptly expanded from the culm, > 2x thick as culm immediately below, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Broadleaf Whitetop Sedge,
Rhynchospora latifolia
Culms 30-70cm tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Narrowleaf Whitetop Sedge,
Rhynchospora colorata
Culms 10-50cm tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Densetuft Hairsedge,
Bulbostylis capillaris ssp. capillaris
Frequently with a mixture of long and very short culms, the short nearly hidden among the leaves, per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Ware's Hairsedge,
Bulbostylis warei
Leaves 1/2 length of culms; blades narrowly linear, 0.7-1mm wide, per Flora of North America.
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Deerhair Bulrush,
Trichophorum cespitosum
Culms terete or nearly so, smooth, per Weakley's Flora.
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Deerhair Bulrush,
Trichophorum cespitosum
Culms 20-50cm tall, densely ribbed. Blades absent or to 1cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Keeled Bulrush,
Isolepis carinata
Culms 6-20cm tall, coarsely ribbed. Blades to 20cm long, 0.5-1mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Leafy Bulrush,
Scirpus polyphyllus
Leaves primarily cauline, more than 10 per culm, to 2dm long, 4-9mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Roughseed Bulrush,
Schoenoplectiella mucronata
Main involucral bract appears to be culm (inflorescence thus appearing lateral, per Weakley's Flora.
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Millet Beaksedge,
Rhynchospora miliacea
Leaves exceeded by culms, blades flat, 4-7(-10)mm wide, per Flora of North America.
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Few-flowered Nutrush,
Scleria oligantha
Culms usually in tufts, erect, slender, sometimes appearing weak, per Flora of North America.
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Broad-leaved Hairy Nutrush,
Scleria ciliata var. elliottii
Culms stout, pubescent or ciliate. Lvs 3.5-7 mm wide. Bracts densely ciliate, per Flora of North America.
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Fraser's Sedge,
Carex fraseriana
Culms compressed or terete, per Flora of North America.
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Low Woodland Sedge,
Carex socialis
Culms arise scattered along creeping rhizomes [not in tight clumps], per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Cypress-knee Sedge,
Carex decomposita
Large, dense tussocks with long flowering stems (culms) that arch outward, per Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
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Prickly Bog Sedge,
Carex atlantica
Leaf blades 1.5-3mm wide. Spikes more than 1 per culm, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Parasol Sedge,
Carex umbellata
Culms [flowering stems] 1.5-10cm tall, hidden among the leaves, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Shaved Sedge,
Carex tonsa
Culms hidden among the leaves, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Black-edged Sedge,
Carex nigromarginata
Leaf blades green, greatly exceeding culms, 1.4-4mm wide, per Flora of North America.
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Appalachian Woodland Sedge,
Carex austrolucorum
Widest leaf 1.3-2.3 (-3.7) mm wide; culm nearly smooth, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Wood's Sedge,
Carex woodii
Culms [flowering stems] slender, 30-50cm tall. Leaf blades 1.5-2mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Thicket Sedge,
Carex abscondita
Leaf blades dark green to grayish blue-green, usually exceeding culms, per Flora of North America.
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Broad Loose-flowered Sedge,
Carex laxiflora
Culms 30-50cm tall, narrowly wing-angled. Blades 2.5-15mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Bladder Sedge,
Carex intumescens var. intumescens
Culms 30-60cm tall; blades 2-6mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Longstalk Sedge,
Carex pedunculata var. pedunculata
Leaf blades equaling or mostly exceeding culms, 1.4-4 mm wide, thick, margins smooth or scabrous, per Flora of North America.
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Soft Rush,
Juncus effusus ssp. solutus
Rhizomes short-branched, in distinct often large clumps. Culms erect, terete, per Flora of North America.
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Leathery Rush,
Juncus coriaceus
Inflorescence bract erect, as if culm continuation (infl. appearing lateral), per Weakley's Flora.
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Tapertip Rush,
Juncus acuminatus
Perennial, cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms erect, terete, smooth, per Flora of North America.