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Golden Bamboo,
Phyllostachys aurea
Culms green, or yellowish in bright sun or with age, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
Golden Bamboo,
Phyllostachys aurea
Culms usually to 3 or rarely 4cm in diameter, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
Giant Timber Bamboo,
Phyllostachys bambusoides
Largest culms to 15cm in diameter and 25m tall. Nodal junctions oblique, per Weakley's Flora.
Yellowgroove Bamboo,
Phyllostachys aureosulcata
Lower portion of culm may be geniculate (zigzag) at the nodes, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
Giant Timber Bamboo,
Phyllostachys bambusoides
Culms 3-12cm in diameter and thick-walled, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
Yellowgroove Bamboo,
Phyllostachys aureosulcata
Culms usually 2-4cm diameter, potentially to about 10m tall, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
Makinoi Bamboo,
Phyllostachys makinoi
Culms 10-20m tall, 3-8cm in diameter. Culm sheaths with variably sized spots, per Flora of China.
Giant Reed,
Arundo donax
Last year's culms are still standing when the new growth starts.
Giant Reed,
Arundo donax
Cornstalk-like culms over 20' high topped by 3' feathery plumes of flowers, per Invasive Plants, Guide to Identification, Impacts and Control (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2007).
Giant Reed,
Arundo donax
Leaf blades conspicuously distichous [2-ranked], spaced ~ evenly along culm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Common Reed,
Phragmites australis
Culms erect, with stout creeping rhizomes and often also with stolons, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Longspike Tridens,
Tridens strictus
Culms rather stout, erect, 1-1.5 m tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Sea Oats,
Uniola paniculata
Coarse, rhizomatous perennial; culms 1-2m tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
Weeping Lovegrass,
Eragrostis curvula
Culms 60-120cm tall, densely tufted, erect, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Purple Lovegrass,
Eragrostis spectabilis
Panicle 2/3 the height of the culm, diffuse, bright purple (rarely pale), per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Orchard Grass,
Dactylis glomerata
Culms in large tussocks, 60-120cm tall; blades elongate, 2-8mm wide, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Hairy Woodland Brome,
Bromus pubescens
Culms with 6-10 leaves, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
Canada Bluegrass,
Poa compressa
Culms strongly flattened, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
Autumn Bluegrass,
Poa autumnalis
Culms in rather large lax tufts, 30-60cm tall; blades 2-3mm wide, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Rat-tail Fescue,
Festuca myuros
Culms 10-70cm tall. Leaves to 15cm x 0.5-1.2mm; blades and sheaths glabrous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
Hard Fescue,
Festuca trachyphylla
Culms densely tufted, usually 20-40cm tall; blades slender, involute, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Little Barley,
Hordeum pusillum
Culms 10-60cm tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
Virginia Wild-rye,
Elymus virginicus
Culms usually 7-10dm tall, with 6-8 nodes; blades 3-15mm wide, flat, per Weakley's Flora (2018).
Mountain Oatgrass,
Danthonia compressa
Culms rather loosely tufted, on average stouter and taller than D. spicata, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Green Needlegrass,
Piptochaetium avenaceum
These culms are "swollen", almost ready to release their panicles.
Big Three-awn,
Aristida condensata
Culms rather robust, a meter or more tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Timothy,
Phleum pratense ssp. pratense
Culms 50-100cm tall from a swollen or bulblike base, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Sandhills Dropseed,
Sporobolus junceus
Culms erect, slender, about 3-noded, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
West Indian Dropseed,
Sporobolus jacquemontii
Culms 40-100cm. Blades 10-40cm long, 2-4mm wide, tapering to a fine point, per Grass Manual on the Web.
Pink Muhlygrass,
Muhlenbergia capillaris
Panicle purple, oblong, diffuse, 1/3-1/2 the height of the culm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Nimblewill,
Muhlenbergia schreberi
Culms weak, decumbent, rooting at the nodes, the upper portions erect, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
Nuttall's Reedgrass,
Greeneochloa coarctata
Culms erect, stout, about 125cm tall, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
Bermuda Grass,
Cynodon dactylon
Several slender spikes digitate at the summit of the upright culms, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Red Sprangletop,
Dinebra panicea ssp. brachiata
Panicle of numerous approximate slender racemes, ~ half the length of culm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Red Spangletop,
Dinebra panicea ssp. mucronata
Panicle of numerous approximate slender racemes, ~ half the length of culm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Rice Cutgrass,
Leersia oryzoides
Culms slender, weak, often decumbent at base, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Southern Wild-rice,
Zizaniopsis miliacea
Culms 1-3m tall or even taller, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Saltmarsh Foxtail-grass,
Setaria magna
Culms to 4m tall. Panicles densely flowered, nodding, to 50cm long, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Yellow Foxtail,
Setaria italica
In the larger forms the culms may be as much as 1cm thick, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Wavyleaf Basketgrass,
Oplismenus undulatifolius
Leaf sheaths and culm axis are pilose with hairs 3-5mm long, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
Dallis-grass,
Paspalum dilatatum ssp. dilatatum
Culms of P. urvillei (left) 1-2m tall, vs. P. dilatatum (right) 0.6-1.2m tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
Vasey Grass,
Paspalum urvillei
Culms of P. urvillei (left) 1-2m tall, vs. P. dilatatum (right) 0.6-1.2m tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
Switchgrass,
Panicum virgatum var. virgatum
Culms erect, tough and hard, 1-2 (rarely 3) meters tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Fall Panicum,
Panicum dichotomiflorum var. dichotomiflorum
Culms 50-100cm long from a geniculate base [base w abrupt knee-like joints], per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Starved Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium depauperatum
Vernal phase with culms several to many in a tuft. Leaf blades 6-15cm x 2-5mm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Dwarf Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium strigosum var. leucoblepharis
Basal leaves similar to or > mid & upper culm lvs, often matted or a cushion, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
Hairless Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium strigosum var. glabrescens
Culms glabrous, blades conspicuously ciliate, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Ravenel's Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium ravenelii
Vernal culm 30-70cm tall, densely papillose-hirsute with ascending hairs, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Few-flowered Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium oligosanthes
Vernal culms 35-80cm tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Woolly Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium acuminatum var. acuminatum
Culms 40-70cm tall, lax, often with glabrous ring below villous nodes, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Woolly Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium acuminatum var. acuminatum
Culms ascending, usually with a glabrous ring below the villous nodes, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
White-haired Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium villosissimum var. villosissimum
Vernal phase culms 25-45cm tall, erect or ascending, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Small-fruited Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium microcarpon
Nodes conspicuously bearded with reflexed hairs, culms otherwise glabrous, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
Bog Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium lucidum
Cauline leaves well-distributed along culm; culms weak, soon sprawling, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
Long-ligule Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium longiligulatum
Culms 2-7dm long, wiry. Leaf blades glabrous, to 8cm long, 2-6mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
Many-flowered Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium polyanthes
Vernal culms erect, usually purplish below, tall (to 90cm); leaf ...
Many-flowered Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium polyanthes
Mid-culm blades to 25cm long, 14-30mm wide, the uppermost 10-15+ cm long, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
Velvet Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium scoparium
Culms 5-14dm [55"] tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
Variable Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium commutatum +
Vernal culms 40-75cm tall, erect, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Vernal culms in large clumps, robust, tall (up to 1.5m), per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).