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Rough Pennyroyal,
Hedeoma hispida
Calyx teeth spreading or lower slightly convergent, orifice open at maturity, per Weakley's Flora.
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Georgia Savory,
Clinopodium georgianum
The upper lip of the calyx is 3-toothed, the lower 2-toothed, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Wild Basil,
Clinopodium vulgare
Calyx 7-11mm long, teeth of upper lip to 2.6mm long; corolla pink to lavender, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Scarlet Wild Basil,
Clinopodium coccineum
Corolla bright scarlet, 27-50mm long; calyx 8-18mm long; flowers > 1 per axil, per Weakley's Flora.
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Slender Wild Basil,
Clinopodium gracile
Calyx tubular, base rounded, ~ 3mm in flower, ~ 5mm and declinate in fruit, per Flora of China.
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Savanna Mountain-mint,
Pycnanthemum flexuosum
Tiny, tubular, 2-lipped flowers protrude from a whitish 5-parted calyx, per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
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Short-toothed Mountain-mint,
Pycnanthemum muticum var. 1
Calyx not distinctly bilabiate, lobes not tipped with long, jointed bristles, but w stiff hairs, per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Beadle's Mountain-mint,
Pycnanthemum beadlei
Calyx lobes usually tipped with a tuft of long, jointed bristles, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Loomis's Mountain-mint,
Pycnanthemum loomisii
Calyx lobes usually tipped with a tuft of long, jointed bristles, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Loomis's Mountain-mint,
Pycnanthemum loomisii
Calyx clearly bilabiate, lobes narrow triangular, tips acuminate to attenuate, per Weakley's Flora.
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Woodland Mountain-mint,
Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides var. pycnanthemoides
Calyx lobes narrowly triangular and usually tipped with a tuft of long, jointed bristles, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Virginia Bugleweed,
Lycopus virginicus
Each flower only 1/8" across, consisting of a light green calyx & a short-tubular white corolla, per www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
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Northern Horsebalm,
Collinsonia canadensis
Calyx zygomorphic, 2-lipped, upper lip 3-toothed, lower lip with 2 long teeth, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Whorled Horsebalm,
Collinsonia verticillata
Calyx zygomorphic, 2-lipped and 5-toothed, 3-6mm long at anthesis, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Beefsteak-plant,
Perilla frutescens
Calyx long-pubescent, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Beefsteak-plant,
Perilla frutescens
Calyx tube hairy, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Beefsteak-plant,
Perilla frutescens
Calyx zygomorphic, 2-lipped, upper lip 3-toothed, lower lip 2-toothed, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Miniature Beefsteak-plant,
Mosla dianthera
Calyx veins minutely hispid; upper lip reflexed, lower lip erect, per Flora of China.
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Miniature Beefsteak-plant,
Mosla dianthera
Teeth of calyx upper lip ovate-triangular, middle tooth shorter than lateral, per Flora of China.
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Dune Ground-cherry,
Physalis walteri
Fruit a yellow or orange berry enclosed by an expanded calyx, which matures to a papery husk, per Wildflowers of the Atlantic Southeast (Cotterman, Waitt, & Weakley, 2019).
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Dune Ground-cherry,
Physalis walteri
Calyx 8-10mm long, lobes triangular, half as long as the tube, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Clammy Ground-cherry,
Physalis heterophylla
The calyx enlarges to become a parchmentlike husk enclosing the fruit, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Virginia Ground-cherry,
Physalis virginiana
Fruiting calyx is 5-angled [vs. almost round] & has spreading hairs, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Virginia Ground-cherry,
Physalis virginiana
Fruiting calyx is sunken at the base and considerably longer than wide, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Virginia Ground-cherry,
Physalis virginiana
Plant pubescent. Calyx 8-10mm long, its lobes lanceolate & equaling the tube, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Smooth Ground-cherry,
Physalis angulata
Fruiting calyx sunken at base, smooth, typically purple-veined & 10-ribbed, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Bittersweet Nightshade,
Solanum dulcamara
Calyx about 2mm long, lobes minute, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Buffalo-bur Nightshade,
Solanum rostratum
Fruit (berries) partially or wholly covered by the enlarged prickly calyx, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Carolina Horsenettle,
Solanum carolinense var. carolinense
Calyx tube 2-3mm long, calyx lobes acuminate, 3-6mm long depending on age, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Jimsonweed,
Datura stramonium
Calyx angled with flat sides, 3-5cm long; calyx lobes lanceolate, 5-7mm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Princess Tree,
Paulownia tomentosa
The calyx is leathery, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Pineland Hedge-hyssop,
Sophronanthe hispida
Corolla 2-3× as long as the calyx, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Japanese Mazus,
Mazus pumilus
Calyx 5-parted, campanulate, lobes lanceolate, longer than the tube, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Yellowseed False Pimpernel,
Lindernia dubia var. dubia
Calyx lobes distinct to the base at anthesis and after, per Weakley's Flora.
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Allegheny Monkeyflower,
Mimulus ringens var. ringens
Leaves stalkless, and the flower stalk is longer than the calyx, per Newcomb's Wildflower Guide (Newcomb, 1977).
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Allegheny Monkeyflower,
Mimulus ringens var. ringens
The capsule is enclosed by the persistent calyx, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Winged Monkeyflower,
Mimulus alatus
Flowers solitary in leaf axils on stalks shorter than the calyx, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Moth Mullein,
Verbascum blattaria
Hairs of the calyx & upper stem simple & glandular; pedicels longer than calyx, per Weakley's Flora.
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Wand Mullein,
Verbascum virgatum
Pedicels 1-3mm long, shorter than the calyx [vs. those of V. blattaria longer], per Weakley's Flora.
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Oldfield Toadflax,
Linaria canadensis
Curved elongated spur projects downward through calyx; 5 lanceolate sepals, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Savanna Bluehearts,
Buchnera floridana
Calyx tube 3.5-5mm, lobes 1mm or less. Corolla tube 8-10mm, lobes 4-5mm, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Savanna Bluehearts,
Buchnera floridana
Flowers in a raceme, on stalks only 1mm long. Calyx with short white hairs, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Southern Oak-leach,
Aureolaria pectinata
Similar to A. pedicularis: Calyx lobes are usually foliose, longer than tube, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Southern Oak-leach,
Aureolaria pectinata
Calyx tube hemispherical, glandular-hirsute to glandular-lanate on the outer surface, per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Southern Oak-leach,
Aureolaria pectinata
Plant pubescent (esp on calyx, corolla, capsule, lower stem) w glandular hairs, per Weakley's Flora.
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Downy False Foxglove,
Aureolaria virginica
Inflorescence, pedicels, and/or calyx pubescent with nonglandular hairs, per Weakley's Flora.
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Downy False Foxglove,
Aureolaria virginica
Calyx lobes lanceolate, 3-10mm long, equaling or much longer than tube, entire, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Appalachian Oak-leach,
Aureolaria levigata
Inflorescence, pedicels and calyx glabrous; flowering Aug-Sep, per Weakley's Flora.
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Appalachian Oak-leach,
Aureolaria levigata
Calyx lobes usually shorter than tube, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Smooth False Foxglove,
Aureolaria flava
Inflorescence, pedicels and calyx glabrous, flowering Aug-Sep, per Weakley's Flora.
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Purple Gerardia,
Agalinis purpurea
Calyx tube 3-4mm long, lobes reduced to minute awl-shaped teeth 0.3-2mm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Wand Gerardia,
Agalinis virgata
Pedicel shorter than calyx tube, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Fascicled Purple Gerardia,
Agalinis fasciculata var. fasciculata
Pedicels shorter than the calyx, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Threadleaf Gerardia,
Agalinis setacea
Pedicels usually 15-25mm long. Calyx tube truncate, lobes subulate, < 1mm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Common Gerardia,
Agalinis tenuifolia
Pedicels more than 2.5x as long as calyx (more than 10mm long in fruit), per Weakley's Flora.
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American Chaffseed,
Schwalbea americana
Calyx tubular, 2-lipped, lips unequal, subtended by 2 linear bractlets, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Cow-wheat,
Melampyrum lineare
Calyx tube 3-4mm long, with 4 lobes almost equal or one much longer, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Crossvine,
Bignonia capreolata
Calyx campanulate, truncate, 6-8mm long, the lobes reduced to 5 mucronate tips, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Trumpetcreeper,
Campsis radicans
Calyx 5-parted, firm, tubular-campanulate; calyx teeth lanceolate, 4-5mm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Blue Twinflower,
Dyschoriste oblongifolia
Calyx pubescent, 15-20mm long, lobes linear-aristate [awn- or bristle-tipped], per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).